Compiled By:
Joe Makuch
Water Quality Information Center, Reference and User Services Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
| SET | ITEMS | DESCRIPTION |
| 1 | 703 | DAIR?/TI,DE,ID AND (WASTE? OR EFFLUENT? ? OR MANURE? ? OR SLURR?)/TI,DE,ID |
| 2 | 659 | S1 NOT SH=(Q101 OR Q100 OR Q105) |
| 3 | 492903 | PY=(1988 OR 1989 OR 1990 OR 1991 OR 1992 OR 1993 OR 1994) |
| 4 | 194 | S2 AND S3 |
| 5 | 192 | RD S4 (unique items) |
1 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Acidogenic fermentation of dairy manure. Krones, M.J.; Johnson, A.T.; Hao, O.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-6612): 12 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farms; Liquid manures; Anaerobic digestion; Analysis; Biogas; Methane production 2 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of a mixture of cheese whey and dairy manure. Lo, K.V.; Liao, P.H. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989. Biological wastes v. 28 (2): p. 91-101; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cheesemaking; Whey; Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Mixtures; Waste treatment; Anaerobic treatment; Aerobic treatment; Biological treatment; Digesters; Methane production; Treatment; Efficiency 3 NAL Call. No.: FULD1780 1992.S664 Analysis of the long-run financial impact of the 'Dairy Rule' on dairies in the Lake Okeechobee drainage basin. Smithwick, Robert P., 1992; 1992. ix, 98 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-97). Language: English; English Descriptors: Dairy laws; Dairy waste 4 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 T313 Animal waste management. Sweeten, J.M.; Baird, C.; Manning, L. College Station, Tex. : The Service; 1991 Sep. Leaflet L - Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas A & M University System (5043): 4 p.; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Animal wastes; Feedlots; Dairy farms; Waste disposal; Regulation; Runoff; Water pollution; Water quality 5 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82 Beef and dairy cattle research report 1990. Chapman, H.D.; Griffin, C.D. Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1990 Jun. Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service v.): 35 p.; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Beef cattle; Dairy cattle; Research projects; Parasites; Breeding; Cattle feeding; Forage; Cattle diseases; Animal wastes; Marketing 6 NAL Call. No.: A00033 Biofirm will treat dairy waste. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1991 Apr15. BioEngineering news v. 12 (16): p. 4; 1991 Apr15. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Dairy effluent; Waste utilization; Biogas; Anaerobic digestion 7 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Biogas production after solid-liquid separation of dairy manure. Haugen, V.J.; Lindley, J.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Dec. Transactions of the ASAE v. 31 (6): p. 1782-1786; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluents; Biogas slurry; Energy sources; Digesters; Methane production 8 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Biogas production from dairy manure: the effects of temperature perturbations. Chayovan, S.; Gerrish, J.B.; Eastman, J.A. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biological wastes v. 25 (1): p. 1-16; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Waste utilization; Methane production; Digesters; Repletion; Timing; Heating; Scheduling; Storage; Fuel consumption; Cyclic fluctuations; Efficiency 9 NAL Call. No.: QC73.6.E5 Biogas production from diary manure using continuous mix and no-mix mesophilic reactors. Ghaly, A.E. New York, N.Y. : Taylor & Francis; 1989. Energy sources v. 11 (4): p. 221-235. ill; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Methane production; Dairy industry; Animal manures; Anaerobic digesters; Biodegradation 10 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Bulk density and thermal properties of Moroccan dairy cattle manure. Achkari-Begdouri, A.; Goodrich, P.R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Bioresource technology v. 40 (3): p. 225-233; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morocco; Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Bulk density; Specific heat; Thermal conductivity; Aerobic treatment; Anaerobic treatment; Total solids; Concentration; Regression; Equations 11 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3 Center stage: ecology. Sauber, C.M. Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1989 Aug. Dairy herd management v. 26 (8): p. 10-12, 14. ill; 1989 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; California; Oregon; Washington; Texas; Dairy farming; Manures; Waste disposal; Water pollution; Law enforcement; Regulations; Licenses and permits 12 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828 Colonization and response of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to pollution levels in experimental dairy wastewater ponds. Mullens, B.A.; Rodriguez, J.L. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1988 Nov. Journal of medical entomology v. 25 (6): p. 441-451. ill; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Culicoides variipennis; Aquatic organisms; Incidence; Dairy effluents; Water pollution; Animal manures 13 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Components of dairy manure management systems. Van Horn, H.H.; Wilkie, A.C.; Powers, W.J.; Nordstedt, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994 Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 2008-2030; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy farms; Application to land; Dairy cows; Excretion; Waste treatment; Waste disposal; Waste utilization; Energy balance; Water use; Ammonia; Methane; Nitrogen; Phosphorus Abstract: Dairy manure management systems should account for the fate of excreted nutrients that may be of environmental concern. Currently, regulatory oversight is directed primarily at the assurance of water quality; N is the most monitored element. Land application of manure at acceptable fertilizer levels to crops produced on the farm by hauling or by pumping flushed manure effluent through irrigation systems is the basis of most systems. Nutrient losses to surface and groundwaters can be avoided, and significant economic value can be obtained from manure as fertilizer if adequate crop production is possible. Dairies with insufficient crop production potential need affordable systems to concentrate manure nutrients, thereby reducing hauling costs and possibly producing a salable product. Precipitation of additional nutrients from flushed manures with sedimented solids may be possible. Composting of separated manure solids offers a possible method to stabilize solids for distribution, but, most often, solids separated from dairy manures are fibrous and low in fertility. Manure solids combined with wastes from other sources may have potential if a marketable product can be produced or if sufficient subsidy is received for processing supplementary wastes. Solutions to odor problems are needed. Energy generated from manure organic matter, via anaerobic digestion, reduces atmospheric emissions of methane and odorous compounds. Use of constructed wetlands or harvesting of photosynthetic biomass from wastewater has the potential to improve water quality, making extensive recycling possible. 14 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Constructed wetland site design and installation. Ulmer, R.; Cathcart, T.; Strong, L.; Pote, J.; Davis, S. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1992. Paper / (92-4528): 8 p.; 1992. Paper presented at the "1992 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 15-18, 1992, Nashville, Tennessee. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluent; Waste water treatment; Wetlands; Construction; Lagoons
15 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 Ag84 Constructed wetlands clean up: they could be an inexpensive, low-tech cure for farm pollution headaches. Becker, H. Washington, D.C. : Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; 1993 Dec. Agricultural research /. p. 20; 1993 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farming; Waste water; Water management; Wetlands 16 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Constructed wetlands for dairy wastewater treatment. Davis, S.H.; Ulmer, R.; Strong, L.; Cathcart, T.; Pote, J.; Brock, W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1992. Paper / (92-4525): 11 p.; 1992. Paper presented at the "1992 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 15-18, 1992, Nashville, Tennessee. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Cabt; Dairy effluent; Waste water treatment; Wetlands; Construction; Nitrification; Biochemical oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen 17 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J62 Continuous production of biogas from dairy manure using an innovative no-mix reactor. Ghaly, A.E.; Ben-Hassan, R.M. Clifton, N.J. : Humana Press; 1989 Jan. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology v. 20/21: p. 541-559; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Methane production; Dairy wastes; Anaerobic digesters 18 NAL Call. No.: SF221.B26 Cost and economic feasibility of dairy waste management: central Texas representative dairies. Allen, G.; Lovell, A.; Schwart, B.; Lacewell, R.; Schmucker, J.; Leatham, D.; Richardson, J. College Station, Tex. : The Service; 1991 May28. Balanced dairying : Economics - Texas Agricultural Extension Service v. 11 (4): 8 p.; 1991 May28. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Dairy farming; Waste disposal; Water pollution; Groundwater pollution; Water quality; Waste treatment; Cost benefit analysis; Statistics 19 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A2N6 Cost comparisons of alternative methods for processing recycled waste newspapers into farm-animal bedding. Beierlein, J.G.; McSweeny, W.C.; Woodruff, B.A. Ithaca, N.Y. : The Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association; 1991 Oct. Northeastern journal of agricultural and resource economics v. 20 (2): p. 208-213; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Litter; Newspapers; Recycling; Waste disposal; On-farm processing; Chopping; Cost effectiveness analysis; Transport costs; Dairy farms 20 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Costs of existing and recommended manure management practices for house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control on dairy farms. Lazarus, W.F.; Rutz, D.A.; Miller, R.W.; Brown, D.A. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1989 Aug. Journal of economic entomology v. 82 (4): p. 1145-1151; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Maryland; New York; Farm dairies; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; Insect control; Manures; Waste disposal; Production costs; Regression analysis Abstract: Costs of fly control practices were estimated for 26 New York and Maryland dairy farms. Objectives were to characterize existing practices, compare them with the cost of more frequent and complete manure removal to reduce fly breeding, and to compare costs of manure removal and insecticide application. Information was collected in scouting visits and personal interviews of farm operators. Equipment, labor, and bedding costs were included for manure removal. Insecticide application cost included chemicals and labor for application. A typical farm with a stanchion barn had manure removal costs of $0.348 per cow per day. Recommended changes would increase costs by 0.016-0.033 per cow per day. Insecticide costs averaged $0.021 per cow per day. It may be possible to eliminate many of the insecticide applications on the farms by using the recommended 7-d manure removal practice. Even if insecticides are not eliminated entirely, increased manure removal costs would be offset by some reduction in insecticide cost. This also would have the additional benefit of greatly slowing the development of insecticide resistance by the flies. 21 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Cultural management of bluetongue virus vectors. Mullens, B.A.; Rodriguez, J.L. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1990 Jan. California agriculture v. 44 (1): p. 30-32. ill; 1990 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: California; Dairy cattle; Bluetongue virus; Disease vectors; Culicoides variipennis; Breeding; Habitats; Dairy farming; Waste waters; Ponds; Surveys 22 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 C734 Dairy farmers shift to composting. Rynk, R. Emmaus, PA : JG Press, c1981-; 1994 Apr. BioCycle v. 35 (4): p. 58-59; 1994 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Canada; Cabt; Composting; Cattle manure; Dairy farms; On-farm processing; Surveys 23 NAL Call. No.: SB197.B7 Dairy farming and river quality. Schofield, K.; Whitelaw, K.; Merriman, R.P. Hurley, Berkshire : The Society; 1989. Occasional symposium - British Grassland Society (23): p. 196-198; 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Wales; Dairy farming; Agricultural wastes; Water pollution; Rivers; Water composition and quality 24 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Dairy manure and plant nutrient management issues affecting water quality and the dairy industry. Lanyon, L.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994 Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 1999-2007; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Cattle manure; Water pollution; Pollution control; Dairy farms; Cattle feeding; Production costs; Environmental policy Abstract: Specific requirements for dairy manure management to protect water quality from nutrient pollution depend on the organization of individual farms. Further, the management requirements and options are different for point (farmstead) and nonpoint (field-applied) sources of pollution from farms. A formal management process can guide decisions about existing crop nutrient utilization potential, provide a framework for tracking nutrients supplied to crops, and identify future requirements for dairy manure management to protect water quality. Farm managers can use the process to plan daily activities, to assess annual nutrient management performance, and to chart future requirements as herd size increases. Agronomic measures of nutrient balance and tracking of inputs and outputs for various farm management units can provide the quantitative basis for management to allocate better manure to fields, to modify dairy rations, or to develop alternatives to on-farm manure application. Changes in agricultural production since World War II have contributed to a shift from land-based dairy production to a reliance on capital factors of production supplied by the dairy industry. Meanwhile, management of dairy manure to meet increasingly stringent water quality protection requirements is still a land-based activity. Involving the dairy industry and off-farm stakeholders as participants in the management process for field, farm, and regional dairy production can be the basis for decision-making to reconcile the sometimes conflicting demands of production and water quality protection. 25 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 F66C Dairy manure management: strategies for recycling nutrients to recover fertilizer value and avoid environmental pollution. Van Horn, H.H.; Nordstedt, R.A.; Bottcher, A.V.; Hanlon, E.A.; Graetz, D.A.; Chambliss, C.F. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1991 Dec. Circular - Florida Cooperative Extension Service (1016): 18 p.; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Dairy herds; Dairy effluent; Cattle manure; Manure spreaders; Waste disposal; Waste treatment 26 NAL Call. No.: 100 ID14 Dairy waste management system planning--estimating storage. Falk, D.E.; Ohlensehlen, R.M. Moscow, Idaho : The Station; 1989 Jun. Bulletin - Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station v.): 16 p. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farming; Animal wastes; Management; Systems; Farm planning; Farm storage; Water pollution; Odor abatement; Investment; Costs; Design criteria; Handling; Waste water treatment; Biological techniques; Anaerobic treatment; Lagoons 27 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Dairy waster: management alternatives for pollution control January 1980-May 1991. Dombrowski, J.E. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Jul. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-126): 13 p.; 1991 Jul. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Pollution; Control; Bibliographies 28 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7 Dairy wastewater treatment and reuse. Hadjivassilis, I. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (1): p. 83-87; 1991. Paper presented at the "First IAWPRC East African Regional Conference on Industrial Wastewaters," October 25-28, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cyprus; Dairy industry; Industrial wastes; Waste water treatment; Water reuse; Activated sludge; Irrigation water 29 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO32 Dairy-siting criteria and other options for wastewater management on high water-table soils. Allen, L.H. Jr S.l. : The Society; 1988. Proceedings - Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida v. 47: p. 108-127. ill., maps; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Dairy wastes; Waste waters; Ssoil types; Soil properties; Site requirements; Waste water treatment; Water table; Water composition and quality; Eutrophication; Phosphorus
30 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Design of a semi-liquid dairy cattle manure spreader/injector. Lague, C. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Nov. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7 (6): p. 655-660; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Manure spreaders; Injectors; Cattle manure; Structural design Abstract: Existing solid and liquid manure spreaders are not well adapted for surface spreading or direct subsurface injection of semiliquid dairy cattle manure. By taking into account the characteristics of this type of manure, a machine for either spreading or injecting semi-liquid manure was designed and constructed. Its manure handling system consisted of a tiltable tank connected to a vibrating distribution manifold that directed the manure to the spreading or injection devices. Manure was fed to the injectors by gravity via 152 mm (6 in.) diameter hoses. The 305 mm (12 in.) wide injectors were operated at depths not exceeding 203 mm (8 in.) in order to reduce draft requirements. Results from preliminary field testing of the prototype are reported along with the design modifications that were recommended following these tests. 31 NAL Call. No.: S441.S855 Development of an environmentally safe and economically sustainable year-round minimum tillage forage production system using farm animal manure as the onyl fertilizer. Johnson, J.C. Jr 1988-; 1990. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment (ACE) research projects. 22 p.; 1990. SARE Project Number: LS-90-205. Record includes 3 1/2 floppydisk and papers and articles released or published as a result of project. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Cabt; Cynodon dactylon; Zea mays; Secale cereale; Minimum tillage; Cattle manure; Application rates; Soil fertility; Use efficiency; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Crop yield; Soil depth; Dairy farming 32 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO32 Distributions of residual soil phosphorus along transects for three dairies in Okeechobee County, Florida. Burgoa, B.; Bottcher, A.B.; Mansell, R.S.; Allen, L.H. Jr S.l. : The Society; 1991. Proceedings - Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida v. 50: p. 137-144; 1991. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Reality of Sustainable Agriculture in Florida, September 26-28, 1990, Daytona Beach, FLorida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Soil pollution; Water pollution; Dairy effluent; Dairy wastes; Phosphorus 33 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 DXMAS: an expert system program providing management advice to dairy operators. Schmisseur, E.; Gamroth, M.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993 Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (7): p. 2039-2049; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Expert systems; Dairy farming; Farm management; Decision making; Information systems; Culling; Cattle manure; Replacement; Crops; Financial planning Abstract: An expert system, or knowledge-based, microcomputer program, DXMAS, was designed and developed to diagnose dairy management problems of dairy farmers of Tillamook County, Oregon and, as appropriate, to advance potential farm reorganization and expansion options. The program provokes management action by projecting lost income opportunities attributed to major management problems and missed reorganization and expansion opportunities. The DXMAS program analyzes annual economic and production performance data provided by dairy operators and has demonstrated the ability, in field testing of nine different dairy operations, to emulate dairy management experts in the diagnoses of 95 individual dairy management problems. In those field tests, the DXMAS program identified a variety of management problems and estimated annual lost income opportunities ranging from $25 to $450 per milk cow. Field testing suggested that the DXMAS program can provide a wide range of expert management advice to dairy operators. 34 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Effect of anaerobic digestion on nutrient availability from dairy manure. Dahlberg, S.P.; Lindley, J.A.; Giles, J.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Jul. Transactions of the ASAE v. 31 (no.4): p. 1211-1216; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Dakota; Triticum aestivum; Anaerobic digesters; Cattle; Manures; Nutrient availability; Nitrogen; Soils 35 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Effect of incorporating rolled barley in autumn-cut ryegrass silage on effluent production, silage fermentation and cattle performance. Jones, D.I.H.; Jones, R.; Moseley, G. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1990 Dec. The Journal of agricultural science v. 115 (pt.3): p. 399-408; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wales; Steers; British friesian; Hereford; Crossbreds; Liveweight gain; Unrestricted feeding; Barley; Feed supplements; Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne; Nutritive value; Ryegrass silage; Dairy wastes; Effluents; Pollution 36 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Effect of the organic volumetric loading rate on soluble COD removal in down-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Sanchez, E.P.; Weiland, P.; Travieso, L. Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied Science ; New York, NY : Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1991-; 1994. Bioresource technology v. 47 (2): p. 173-176; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Piggery effluent; Beef cattle; Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Torula; Yeasts; Wastes; Anaerobic digesters; Chemical oxygen demand; Models 37 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Effects of dairy manure application rate and timing, and injector spacing and type on corn silage production. Safley, L.M. Jr; Westerman, P.W.; King, L.D. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989. Biological wastes v. 28 (3): p. 203-216; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Liquid manures; Application to land; Application rates; Application date; Soil injection; Zea mays; Maize silage; Crop yield; Nitrogen; Recovery 38 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Effects of diet and storage time on the concentration of sulphide in dairy-cow slurry. Stevens, R.J.; Laughlin, R.J.; Frost, J.P. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993. Bioresource technology v. 45 (1): p. 13-16; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle slurry; Hydrogen sulfide; Concentration; Cattle feeding; Wastes; Storage; Duration; Effects 39 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 The effects of operational and financial factors on the economics of biogas production from dairy cow feces and wastewater. Kobayashi, S.; Masuda, Y. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies, c1988-; 1993 Mar. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 6 (1): p. 139-145; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Biogas; Feces; Waste water; Cattle feeding; Animal wastes; Factor analysis; Economic evaluation 40 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Effects of total ammonia on anaerobic digestion and an example of digestor performance from cattle manure-protein mixtures. Robbins, J.E.; Gerhardt, S.A.; Kappel, T.J. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989. Biological wastes v. 27 (1): p. 1-14; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Cattle slurry; Protein; Mixtures; Waste treatment; Anaerobic digestion; Ammonia; Concentration; Digesters; Performance; Acetates; Utilization 41 NAL Call. No.: QL536.J686 Efficacy and longevity of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 formulations for control of mosquito larvae in dairy wastewater lagoons. Mulla, M.S.; Axelrod, H.; Darwazeh, H.A.; Matanmi, B.A. Lake Charles, La. : The Association; 1988 Dec. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association v. 4 (4): p. 448-452; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Culex; Bacillus sphaericus; Larvae; Dairy cattle; Waste waters; Lagoons; Biological control 42 NAL Call. No.: QL536.J686 Efficacy of a juvenile hormone mimic, pyriproxyfen (S-31183), for mosquito control in dairy wastewater lagoons. Mulligan, F.S. III; Schaefer, C.H. Lake Charles, La. : The Association; 1990 Mar. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association v. 6 (1): p. 89-92; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Culex quinquefasciatus; Larvae; Insect control; Juvenile hormones; Synthetic hormones; Pyridines; Lagoons; Waste waters; Dairies 43 NAL Call. No.: QL536.J686 Efficacy of new insect growth regulators against mosquito larvae in dairy wastewater lagoons. Mulla, M.S.; Darwazeh, H.A. Lake Charles, La. : The Association; 1988 Sep. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association v. 4 (3): p. 322-325; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Culex quinquefasciatus; Culex peus; Larvae; Methoprene; Dairies; Waste waters; Lagoons; Insect control 44 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547 Electric energy management on dairy farms. Brooks, L.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989. Energy in world agriculture v. 3: p. 93-120; 1989. In the series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by K.L. McFate. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farming; Dairy equipment; Electricity; Electrical energy; Milking; Milking machines; Milk production; Farm buildings; Ventilation; Fans; Fodder crops; Storage; Equipment; Silage; Electric heaters; Heat exchangers; Manures; Dairy effluent; Handling; Pumps
45 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.664-64 Environmental concerns associated with livestock, dairy, and poultry production.. Issues for the 1990's, environment Christensen, L. A.; Krause, Kenneth R., United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,; 1993. 1 sheet (2 p.) ; 28 x 22 cm. (Agriculture information bulletin ; no. 664-64). Caption title. At head of title: Issues for the 1990's: environment. November 1993. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal waste; Agricultural pollution; Nonpoint source pollution 46 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1986 Environmental consequences of the structure of agriculture: the case of southeastern Pennsylvania farms. Sachs, C.; Bowser, T. Santa Cruz, CA : Agroecology Program, University of California; 1988. Global perspectives on agroecology and sustainable agricultural systems : proceedings of the sixth international scientific conference of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. p. 159-170b; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Environmental impact; Agricultural structure; Ecosystems; Cattle farming; Beef cattle; Dairy cattle; Poultry farming; Production; Regional development; Water pollution; Animal manures; Pollutants; Nutrient excesses; Water quality; Watersheds 47 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3 Environmental count down. Sauber, C.M. Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1988 Jun. Dairy herd management v. 25 (6): p. 10-12, 14, 16-17; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Dairy wastes; Environmental pollution; Waste disposal; Water composition and quality; Environmental protection 48 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6 The environmental impact of bovine somatotropin use in dairy cattle. Johnson, D.E.; Ward, G.M.; Torrent, J. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr. Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 157-162; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Hormone supplements; Genetic engineering; Environmental impact; Milk production; Cattle manure; Methane production; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Feed requirements; Energy requirements; Erosion; Dairy farming; Water use Abstract: The environmental impact of bovine somatotropin (bST) use in dairy cattle (Bos taurus) was analyzed with the following assumptions: base herd (1989) of 10.1 X 10(6) cows, milk production 6475 kg of 3.5% fat per 305 d; bST herd of 8.96 X 10(6) cows, 3.5 kg/d increase during 215 d treatment period; 100% adoption rate, 60 d dry period, 40% replacement rate; all formulated diet from: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay, corn (Zea mays L.) silage, cracked corn, soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] meal, and supplement to satisfy level of production. Using these assumptions, the analysis indicates that the current U.S. milk supply could be produced by 11% fewer cows fed 9% less feed produced on 6% less land, and soil loss would be 5% less. Fossil fuel requirements would be 6% less and irrigation water use would be reduced by 9%. Output of the greenhouse gas methane would be decreased 9%; manure production and outputs of N and P declined by 10, 8, and 10%, respectively. 49 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Evaluation of recycled wastewater for dairy flush systems. Ramsey, D.S.; Megehee, D.B. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biological wastes v. 26 (1): p. 59-64; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Bacteria; Waste waters; Flushing; Recycling; Microbial water relations; Solar radiation; Predation; Water reuse 50 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Experience with three anaerobic digestion systems on commercial dairies. Koelsch, R.K.; Fabian, E.E.; Guest, R.W.; Campbell, J.K. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-6550): 17 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Anaerobic digestion 51 NAL Call. No.: S441.S855 Farmer-to-farmer compost exchange. Conkling, D. 1988-; 1992. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment (ACE) research projects. 32 p.; 1992. SARE Project Number: ANE92.10. Record includes 3 1/2 floppy disk. Includes Appendices. Language: English Descriptors: Connecticut; Cabt; Composts; Leaves; Animal wastes; Dairy farms; Low input agriculture; Sustainability 52 NAL Call. No.: QL536.J686 Fate and persistence of Bacillus sphaericus used as a mosquito larvicide in dairy wastewater lagoons. Matanmi, B.A.; Federici, B.A.; Mulla, M.S. Lake Charles, La. : The Association; 1990 Sep. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association v. 6 (3): p. 384-389; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Culex; Bacillus sphaericus; Ovicides and larvicides; Lagoons; Waste water; Dairy wastes; Biological control; Persistence 53 NAL Call. No.: S671.A22 Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: dairy lot. Lorimor, J. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity; 1993 Jun. AE / (3077a): 2 p.; 1993 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluent; Feedlot effluent; Runoff; Manures 54 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 The fertilizer value of agricultural manure: simple rapid methods of assessment. Piccinini, S.; Bortone, G. London : Academic Press; 1991 Jul. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 49 (3): p. 197-208; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Italy; Pig manure; Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Chemical analysis; Analytical methods; Equations; Accuracy; Instruments Abstract: This paper presents the results of a series of analytical tests performed on pig and dairy cattle manure in order to establish the extent of the correlation between: dry matter (TS) and specific gravity (SG); TS and total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (Pt); SG and TKN and Pt. In addition, two N-meters for field use were also used to estimate the ammonium (NH4-H) content. All the variables (TS, SG, TKN, Pt, NH4-N) show a high index of correlation for both the pig and dairy cattle slurry and the linear relations applied proved adequate in all cases. Though the precision of the equations is not very high, the estimate for TKN and Pt content, obtained from the relationship between the SG and these elements is nevertheless acceptable for practical farm use of animal manure. 55 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6 First-year nutrient availability from injected dairy manure. Motavalli, P.P.; Kelling K.A.; Converse, J.C. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Apr. Journal of environmental quality v. 18 (2): p. 180-185; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy wastes; Cattle manure; Injections; Broadcasting; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Zea mays; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient availability; Crop yield Abstract: Estimates of N, P, and K availability to corn (Zea mays L.) from injected dairy manure on three field sites in south central Wisconsin were make using a fertilizer equivalence approach. Nutrient uptake from treatments of a control, three rates of manure (approx. 53, 97, and 138 Mg ha-1 yr-1 on a wet basis), and three rates of broadcast fertilizer were evaluated. Crop nutrient recoveries of fertilizer N, P, and K were generally higher than crop recoveries of manure total N, P, and K. Estimates of first year N, P, and K availability showed substantial variability across rate, location, and year with standard deviations oftern about 50% of the mean. Ranges for N, P, or K availability were 12 to 63, 12 to 89, and 24 to 153%, respectively. These data do not identify those factors responsible for differences in nutrient availability from one site-year to another. Biological or chemical availability indices of a 1-wk anaerobic incubation at 40 degrees C or a 16-h autoclaving in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution were evaluated as measures of N availability and compared with field results. Correlations between measured changes in NH4-N from these indices, as well as total Kjeldahl N and inorganic N levels in the top 30 cm of soil 4 to 6 wk after treatment application, and N uptake indicated inoganic N levels to be a better index of N availability than the other indices examined. However, to determine nutrient availability on a routine basis, more reliable biological or chemical indices are necessary. A simple model may help to simulate environmental effects and the contribution of residual nutrients in the soil. 56 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Forage crop ranking for phosphorus recycling on Lake Okeechobee area dairies. Dinkler, H.D.; Fluck, R.C. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-2025): 19 p. maps; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 24-27, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Farm dairies; Phosphorus; Pollution; Recycling; Waste disposal; Fodder crops; Legislation 57 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.S68 Galactosyl--a biocatalyst for hydrolysis of whey lactose. Samoshina, N.M.; Lotmentseva, E.Yu; Nakhapetyan, L.A. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1989. Soviet biotechnology (3): p. 41-46; 1989. Translated from: Biotekhnologiya (3), 1989, p. 305-310. (TP248.2.B57). Includes references. Language: English; Russian Descriptors: Fungi; Beta-galactosidase; Immobilization; Whey; Lactose; Hydrolysis; Enzyme activity; Dairy effluent; Waste treatment; Heat stability; Glucose syrups; Galactose; Ph Abstract: A study has been made of the properties of immobilized fungal beta-galactosidase (the trademarked preparation Galactosyl). The pH optima at different temperatures, the temperature optimum for enzyme action, pH- stability, and thermostability were determined. Preparation kinetic constants were calculated. Effective biocatalyst activity was found to depend on degree of substrate hydrolysis. The Galactosyl preparation was shown to be a high- activity biocatalyst suitable for producing glucose-galactose syrup from dairy industry wastes. 58 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Goodbye corn, hello profits. McNamara, K. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1988 Feb. The New farm v. 10 (2): p. 36-37. ill; 1988 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy farming; Forage crops; Liquid manures; Protein content; Mixed pastures 59 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 'Grass farming' beats corn!. Cramer, C. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1990 Sep. The New farm v. 12 (6): p. 10-16. ill; 1990 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Grazing; Grasses; Pastures; Legumes; Liquid manures
60 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43 Ground water contamination from agricultural sources: implications for voluntary policy adherence from Iowa and Virginia farmers' attitudes. Halstead, J.M.; Padgitt, S.; Batie, S.S. Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990. American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 126-133; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Virginia; Groundwater pollution; Contamination; Agricultural chemicals; Dairy wastes; Water quality; Farmers' attitudes; Questionnaires; Interviews; Farm management; Public opinion; Risk; Health hazards; Environmental impact; Economic impact; Crop production; Dairy farming; Agricultural policy; Programs; Incentives Abstract: Contamination of ground water from agricultural sources has been documented in a majority of the contiguous United States. In this study, we examine the potential for voluntary adoption of management practices that reduce risk of ground water contamination and discuss how farm operators' attitudes regarding the environment might affect the success of voluntary programs. Farmers' behavior and attitudes in Rockingham County, Virginia, and Big Spring Basin, Iowa, reveal that both groups consider the ground water issue to be a serious problem to which they are contributing. This awareness is a significant first step in prompting consideration of management practices that reduce the threat to ground water quality. We also found that the worst offenders"--that is, farmers applying nitrogen well above agronomic recommendations--were those with the least concern about the problem. If major shifts in farming practices are to occur voluntarily, major incentives or disincentives are needed Even though the concern about ground water quality is high, the documented risks perceived by farmers are not strongly convincing. The economic incentives for change are questionable at best. Voluntary adoption of best management practices is only one of several policy options. Ultimately, policies designed to reduce ground water contamination may need a mix of strategies, including economic incentives and disincentives, zoning and land use restrictions, environmental regulations, and bans on agricultural chemicals. 61 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 He turns risk into opportunity. Cramer, C. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1989 Jan. The New farm v. 11 (1): p. 36-39. ill; 1989 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Small farms; Milk quality; Appropriate technology; Rotary hoes; Weed control; Cattle manure; Soil fertility; Farm management 62 NAL Call. No.: 281.9 M5842 Impact of Michigan dairy manure handling alternatives. Garsow, J.D.; Connor, L.J.; Nott, S.B. East Lansing, Mich. : The Department; 1992 Jun. Agricultural economics report - Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural Economics (561): 36 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Michigan; Animal manures; Dairy farms; Handling; Regulations; Air pollution; Economic impact; Capital; Farm comparisons; Dairy industry; Farm budgeting 63 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Impact of Texas water quality laws on dairy income and viability. Leatham, D.J.; Schmucker, J.F.; Lacewell, R.D.; Schwart, R.B.; Lovell, A.C.; Allen, G. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992 Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2846-2856; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Dairy farms; Dairy wastes; Water quality; Law; Profitability; Estimated costs; Cash flow; Farm indebtedness; Risk; Survival; Mathematical models Abstract: A dairy waste management spreadsheet was developed and applied along with partial budgets and whole firm, Monte Carlo simulations for Texas dairies to evaluate the impact that Texas water quality laws have on dairy profitability and survival. Results showed that representative 300- and 720-cow dairies will incur additional annual costs of $60 and $81 per cow, respectively. Compliance with water quality laws reduces net farm income by 27 and 63% for 720-cow dairies with low and high debt positions, respectively. The probability of survival of the dairies with low debt was not affected by compliance. The probability of survival of firms with high debt positions decreased by 47 percentage points. Under the conditions modeled, net farm income for representative 300-cow dairies would be negative after compliance with water quality laws. 64 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Impact of water quality laws on dairy profitability. Leatham, D.J.; Schmucker, J.F.; Lacewell, R.D.; Schwart, R.B.; Lovell, A.; Allen, G. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (914019): 11 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Cabt; Dairy wastes; Waste water; Runoff; Water quality; Legislation 65 NAL Call. No.: HD1751.A37 no.93-4 Impacts of dairy waste management regulations. Outlaw, Joe L. Agricultural and Food Policy Center (Tex.) College Station, Tex. : Agricultural and Food Policy Center, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas A&M University,; 1993; Z TA225.7 P758 NO.93-4. iii, 42 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. (AFPC working paper ; 93-4.). May 1993. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairying; Dairy waste; Dairy laws 66 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 F22 Impacts of EPA dairy waste regulations on farm profitability. Knutson, R.D.; Outlaw, J.L.; Miller, J.W. Oak Brook, Ill. : Farm Foundation; 1993. Increasing understanding of public problems and policies. p. 199-206; 1993. Paper presented at the 43rd National Public Policy Education Conference held September 12-15, 1993 Clearwater Beach, Florida. p. 17-32. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Dairy wastes; Regulations; Economic impact; Profitability; Environmental policy; Federal government; Government organizations 67 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Isolation of multiple Salmonella serovars from a dairy two years after a clinical salmonellosis outbreak. Gay, J.M.; Hunsaker, M.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Nov01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203 (9): p. 1314-1320; 1993 Nov01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cabt; Dairy cows; Calves; Farm dairies; Salmonella; Serotypes; Salmonellosis; Outbreaks; Persistence; Feces; Waste water; Isolation 68 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P Keys to dairy manure management for water quality. Hermanson, R.E. Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Jun. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1658): 7 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Cattle manure; Farm management; Feces collection; Waste treatment; Water quality 69 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Low-temperature digestion of dairy and swine manure. Safley, L.M. Jr; Westerman, P.W. Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied Science ; New York, NY : Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1991-; 1994. Bioresource technology v. 47 (2): p. 165-171; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Pig manure; Anaerobic digestion; Methane production; Temperature 70 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A45 Manage animal manure for its fertilizer value. Klausner, S.; Tillapaugh, B. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State; 1988 Apr. Ag impact v. 15 (4): p. 2; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Cattle manure; Dairy wastes; Fertilizer application; Soil testing 71 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Management and policy effects on potential groundwater contamination from dairy waste. Heatwole, C.D.; Diebel, P.L.; Halstead, J.M.; Batie, S.S.; Kramer, R.A.; Taylor, D.B. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4090): p. 1-19; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting jointly sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Groundwater; Water pollution; Economic impact 72 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7 Management of dairy waste: a low cost treatment system using phosphorus-adsorbing materials. Masters, B.K. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1993. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 27 (1): p. 159-169; 1993. In the series analytic: Appropriate waste management technologies / edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew. Proceedings of the International Conference, held November 27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Dairy wastes; Water pollution; Nutrients; Waste treatment; Anaerobic digestion; Aerobic treatment; Filters; Phosphorus; Adsorption 73 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 Managing runoff to protect lake. Boggs, L. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1988 May. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 9 (2): p. 8-9. ill; 1988 May. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Water pollution; Feedlot effluent; Dairy effluents; Inland lagoons; Lakes; Computer software; Usda; Eutrophication; Phosphorus 74 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7N45 Manure management on dairy farms: are we accountable?. Leonard, N. Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany County, 1988-; 1993 Sep. News & views /. p. 3-4; 1993 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farms; Cattle manure; Farm management; Water quality
75 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Manure without pollution. Comis, D. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1989 Oct. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 37 (10): p. 10-12. ill; 1989 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy wastes; Liquid manures; Fertilizers; Fertigation; Rotations; Fields; Sustainability 76 NAL Call. No.: TP360.B57 Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cheese whey and dairy manure. Lo, K.V.; Liao, P.H.; Chiu, C. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biomass v. 15 (1): p. 45-53; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: British Columbia; Whey; Dairy effluents; Anaerobic digesters; Methane production; Waste treatment; Chemical oxygen demand 77 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of dairy cow slurry on a farm scale: energy considerations. Pain, B.F.; Phillips, V.R.; West, R London : Academic Press; 1988 Feb. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 39 (2): p. 123-135; 1988 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluents; Cattle slurry; Anaerobic digesters; Small farms; Energy recovery; Methane; Waste heat utilization; Electricity; Agricultural engineering; Energy balance 78 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of dairy cow slurry on a farm scale: maintenance requirements and reliability. Chapman, J.M.; Phillips, V.R.; Pain, B.F. London : Academic Press; 1990 Dec. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 47 (4): p. 277-285; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle slurry; Anaerobic digesters; Maintenance; Requirements; Reliability; Costs 79 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Methane production from fresh versus dry dairy manure. Chen, T.H.; Steinberg, M.P. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biological wastes v. 24 (4): p. 297-306; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Africa; Cattle manure; Dairy effluents; Drying; Biological value; Methane production; Digesters; Production potential; Bioassays; Quantitative analysis 80 NAL Call. No.: S451.P4P45 Murky water--how we farm our land has far-reaching effects. Weidner, K. University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University; 1988. PennState agriculture. p. 2-11. ill; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy farming; Crop enterprises; Manure spreading; Pollution by agriculture; Water composition and quality 81 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 SO12 The National Rivers Authority's regulatory role in the dairy industry. Taylor, D. Cambridge : The Society; 1992 May. Journal of the Society of Dairy Technology v. 45 (2): p. 53-55; 1992 May. Paper given at the symposium "The Dairy Industry - Clean and Green, October 22, 1991, London. Language: English Descriptors: Great Britain; Dairy effluent; Regulations; Water pollution 82 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1618 Naturally fertile fields increasing dairy profits through proper manure management. United States, Soil Conservation Service, United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Video and Teleconference Division Washington, D.C. : The Division,; 1992. 1 videocassette (15 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. 92SCS-34. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Fertilizers Abstract: Shows how to recycle dairy cattle manure. 83 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Nitrogen concentration variability in dairy-cattle slurry stored in farm tanks. Patni, N.K.; Jui, P.Y. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (2): p. 609-615; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Cattle slurry; Dairy wastes; Farm storage; Losses; Nitrogen content; Ph; Temperature; Tanks Abstract: Spatial and temporal variability in the concentration of total Kjeldahl and ammonia (NH3 + NH4+) nitrogen (TKN and AMN, respectively) was studied in 8 to 10% total solids content dairy-cattle manure slurry and its centrifuged supernatant during undisturbed storage in covered, reinforced concrete, farm storage tanks. Slurry was stored in two winter-filled tanks for 285 days, and in two additional summer-filled tanks for 146 days. Although concentration variability with time and space was small relative to the initial concentrations, slurry at depths of less than 1 m had consistently lower concentrations than at greater depths, particularly after the initital two months of storage. Mass balance for nitrogen (N) indicated a 9% loss in three of the four tanks. A lower loss (4% N) in the fourth tank was accompanied by a decrease in acetic acid concentration and a rise in slurry pH, at all depths, which was not observed in the other tanks. The lower loss of N from this tank than from the other tanks probably occurred to satisfy chemical equilibria that required a greater retention of ammonia (NH3) by the carbon dioxide (CO2) release from acetic acid breakdown. Considerations other than TKN and AMN concentration changes and equilibrium relations may also be important factors for N retention in slurry stored in farm tanks. 84 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3 Nitrogen fertilizer and dairy manure effects of corn yield and soil nitrate. Jokela, W.E. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jan. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (1): p. 148-154; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vermont; Zea mays; Sandy loam soils; Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrogen; Nutrient sources; Application rates; Application date; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Grain; Maize silage; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient availability; Soil analysis; Nitrate; Nutrient content; Losses from soil systems; Nitrate nitrogen; Soil solution; Soil depth; Seasonal variation; Precipitation Abstract: Manure from livestock is an important source of N for crop production in many areas, but efficient management of manure is critical to improve the economics of manure use and to minimize the impact on water quality. A field study was conducted on an Enosburg fine sandy loam (sandy over loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Mollic Haplaquent) in northwestern Vermont to evaluate the effect of dairy-manure and N- fertilizer application on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil profile NO3 in a silage production system. Treatments consisted or a factorial arrangement of manure (0 and 9 Mg ha-1, dry-matter basis), N rate (56 and 112 kg ha-1 as NH4NO3), and time of N application (planting or six-leaf stage), as well as 0 and 168 kg N ha-1 rate at planting (with and without manure). Yields and N uptake were increased by N fertilizer and by manure. Without manure, grain and silage yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha-1 rate in all years; with manure, N fertilizer did not increase yields significantly. Time of application had little or no effect on yield. Plant uptake of N followed a similar pattern but with somewhat wore pronounced effects. A presidedress soil reflected N availability, as indicated relative yields. Manure application rates were equivalent, in terms of yield response, to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha-1 in individual years, which represented 27 to 44% of the total manure N in the year of application. Sampling of the 1.5-m soil profile before planting and after harvest showed increases in soil NO3 that were related to the amounts of manure and fertilizer N applied. Some decreases in NO3 were measured from fall to spring sampling times, but net losses were minimal where <60 kg ha-1 NO3-N was present in the fall. Application of manure resulted in similar or slightly lower soil profile NO3 than agronomincally equivalent rates of fertilizer N. 85 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Nitrogen in the excreta of dairy cattle: changes during short- term storage. Whitehead, D.C.; Raistrick, N. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Aug. The Journal of agricultural science v. 121 (pt.1): p. 73-81; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Dairy cattle; Feces; Urine; Storage; Air pollution; Ammonium; Cattle slurry; Hydrolysis; Nitrogen; Urea; Volatilization 86 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 Nitrogen recovery by orchardgrass from dairy manure applied with or without fertilizer nitrogen. Kanneganti, V.R.; Klausner, S.D. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1994. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 25 (15/16): p. 2771-2783; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dactylis glomerata; Cattle manure; Application to land; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Nutrient uptake; Crop yield; Forage; Dry matter accumulation 87 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 Nitrogen recovery by timothy from surface application of dairy cattle slurry. Anderson, M.A.; McKenna, J.R.; Martens, D.C.; Donohue, S.J. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 24 (11/12): p. 1139-1151; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Maine; Phleum pratense; Silt loam soils; Cattle slurry; Surface treatment; Application rates; Application date; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Crop yield 88 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3 Nitrous oxide production from injected liquid dairy manure. Comfort, S.D.; Kelling, K.A.; Keeney, D.R.; Converse, J.C. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Mar. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (2): p. 421-427. ill; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Liquid manures; Dairy wastes; Slurries; Soil injection; Nitrous oxide; Losses from soil systems; Nitrogen transfer; Denitrification; Nitrification; Anaerobic conditions; Inorganic compounds; Carbon dioxide; Nitrapyrin; Acetylene Abstract: Injection of liquid organic wastes into soil promotes conditions that may be conducive to denitrification by creating in anaerobic environment abundant in inorganic N and readily oxidizable C. To quantify gaseous N loss, we measured N2O emissions from simulated waste injections applied to soils in large wooden containers (71 by 42 by 44 cm). These containers were equipped with headspace covers for gas entrapment, soil-atmosphere wells, C2H2-dispersion tubes, soil moisture-temperature cells, and end-entry doors for soil sampling. Soil type was a Plano silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll) packed to a bulk density of 1.1 Mg m-3 and maintained at a constant temperature of 12.0 +/- 1.4 degrees C. Liquid dairy manure was injected into the soil at rates commonly used for crop production (79 000 L ha-1). The nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine] was used to further evaluate nitrification-denitrification losses. Nitrous oxide emissions, with and without C2H2 treatment, were estimated by passing air across the soil surface above an injection zone and trapping emitted N2O onto a molecular sieve. The largest emission of N2O occurred shortly after injection, followed by a shift to N2. Maximum gaseous-N loss occurred 5 d after injection and corresponded with maximum CO2 concentrations in the soil atmosphere. Nitrapyrin was effective in controlling nitrification, but did not consistently influence the rate of denitrification. When we simulated 190 mm of precipitation at 25 d after injection, increases in N2O production were minimal, possibly due to a limitation in readily oxidizable C. Total measured gaseous-N loss in the presence of C2H2 over 40 d accounted for 2.5 to 3.2% of the slurry's NH4-N, or 1.0 to 1.3% of the total N added. 89 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control. Tamminga, S. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992 Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (1): p. 345-357; 1992 Jan. Paper presented at the symposium "Nutritional Factors Affecting Animal Water and Waste Quality", August 27, 1990. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Netherlands; Dairy cows; Agricultural wastes; Feeding standards; Pollution; Nitrogen; Feces; Urine; Diet; Phosphorus; Methane; Nutrient requirements; Literature reviews Abstract: Dairy production causes unavoidable losses in respiration, feces, and urine, which may become an environmental burden as contributors to the "greenhouse" effect (CO2, CH4) or to the pollution of air (NH3), soil surface, and sub-soil water (NO3, P). Losses in respirations can be reduced by increasing feed quality and level of production. Increased feed quality can reduce losses in methane, whereas an increased level of production decreases the relative losses in maintenance. Fecal and urinary losses can be reduced by minimizing the intake of N and P relative to energy. Further reductions can result from increasing feed quality and level of production, from matching or synchronizing die availability of N and energy in the rumen, and from shifting the site of digestion of protein and starch from the rumen to the small intestine. Improved feed quality will reduce endogenous protein losses. In order to exploit fully the potential of nutritional management in pollution control, computer simulation models describing dairy production in a dynamic way are needed.
90 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6 The origin and identification of macropores in an earthen- lined dairy manure storage basin. McCurdy, M.; McSweeney, K. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Journal of environmental quality v. 22 (1): p. 148-154; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy wastes; Animal manures; Storage; Waste disposal; Groundwater pollution; Macropores; Leaching; Contaminants; Liners; Physicochemical properties; Macropore flow Abstract: Earthen-lined basins have been used to store dairy manure in Wisconsin since the early 1970s. Monitoring data indicate that many of these basins are leaking, but little effort has been directed toward explaining the mechanisms responsible for leakage. Morphological and micromorphological techniques were used to identify macropores in the sidewall of an earthen-lined manure storage basin. Laboratory and field dye studies provided evidence of contaminant movement via macropores. Results indicate that physicochemical and biological mechanisms were responsible for creating macropores capable of providing pathways for preferential flow. These mechanisms, and the resulting macropores, can significantly affect the long-term viability of earthen-lined manure storage basins. 91 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532 Ovipositional response of Musca sorbens Wiedemann (Diptera: Muscidae) to residues of digested ground corn in feces of dairy cows. Lee, C.N.; Toyama, G.M. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct. Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1447-1450; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hawaii; Musca sorbens; Cattle manure; Feces composition; Maize; Oviposition Abstract: Feces that contained residues of digested dairy feed supplements were offered as ovipositional substrates to caged Musca sorbens Wiedemann to determine preference. Results showed preference for residues of digested ground corn. Ovipositional preference for residues of digested ground corn over those from coarser rolled corn suggested a relationship between surface areas exposed to digestive fluids and intensity of ovipositional preference. Feces of cows that were fed complete rations formulated without corn were ovipositionally unattractive to caged M. sorbens. 92 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Passive separation and the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry. Schofield, C.P.; Rees, Y.J. London : Academic Press; 1988 Jul. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 40 (3): p. 175-186. ill; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Cattle slurry; Anaerobic digesters; Separation; Waste treatment; Methane production; Efficiency; Settlement 93 NAL Call. No.: QC73.6.E5 Performance evaluation of a continuous-flow no-mix anaerobic reactor operating on dairy manure. Ghaly, A.E.; Echiegu, E.A. Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr. Energy sources v. 14 (2): p. 113-134; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Animal manures; Animal wastes; Anaerobic digestion; Equipment; Biogas; Production; Biomass; Chemical oxygen demand; Time; Hydraulics; Ph; Nitrogen; Temperature; Evaluation 94 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Performance evaluation of a no-mix continuous flow anaerobic digester operating on dairy manure. Ghaly, A.E.; Echiegu, E.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4097): p. 1-28; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting jointly sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Anaerobic digesters; Dairy wastes; Methane production 95 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Performance of a dairy manure anaerobic lagoon. Safley, L.M. Jr; Westerman, P.W. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992. Bioresource technology v. 42 (1): p. 43-52; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Anaerobic treatment; Lagoons; Performance; Methane production 96 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Performance of a low temperature lagoon digester. Satley, L.M. Jr; Westerman, P.W. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Bioresource technology v. 41 (2): p. 167-175; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Liquid wastes; Lagoons; Digesters; Performance; Biogas; Methane production; Anaerobic digestion 97 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J61 Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes. Khan, S.U. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993. Journal of environmental science and health : Part B : Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes v. B28 (1): p. 1-18; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Atrazine; Coastal plain soils; Dairy effluent; Cattle manure; Nutrient content; Application rates; Runoff; Flow; Leaching; Leachates; Losses from soil systems; Rain; Water flow; Application to land 98 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Plant nutrient flow in the managed pathways of an intensive dairy farm. Bacon, S.C.; Lanyon, L.E.; Schlauder, R.M. Jr Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jul. Agronomy journal v. 82 (4): p. 755-761. maps; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy farming; Intensive livestock farming; Intensive cropping; Farm management; Farm inputs; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Nitrogen economy; Farmyard manure; Nutrient cycles; Quantitative analysis Abstract: The magnitude, and spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient flow in the managed pathways of a farm are related to farm management decisions and interact with the biological processes of the farm. These descriptions of nutrient flow can be part of a nutrient management process that is consistent with the specifics of individual farm operations and particular farm performance goals. Nutrient flow in the managed pathways of a Pennsylvania dairy farm was measured at farm, field, and livestock unit boundaries using on-farm equipment scales, farm records, and material sampling and analysis. Farm nutrient inputs of N, P, and K were twofold or more greater than outputs of these nutrients in the managed pathways. The temporal distribution of flows was closely related to the livestock activities on the farm. Manure storage capacity and crop developmental stage were significant factors influencing the timing of nutrient flows to and from the fields. Nutrient inputs and outputs in the managed flows at the boundary for the set of all fields were approximately equal except for the negative calculated crop available N balance. However, the range in balances for individual fields was large. Manure N and potential biological N fixation were not used efficiently on this farm due primarily to the volatilization of N from manure and the application of manure to alfalfa. Additions of nutrients to the farm in the managed flows decreased by 26, 60, and 43% for N, P, and K, respectively, in the 2nd yr of the study due primarily to less purchased animal feeds. 99 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Plugging effects from livestock waste application on infiltration and runoff. Roberts, R.J.; Clanton, C.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (2): p. 515-522; 1992 Mar. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Infiltration; Permeability; Rain; Runoff; Soil water; Dairy wastes; Pig slurry; Literature reviews Abstract: A rainfall simulator was used on repacked Waukegan silt loam and Hubbard loamy sand soil columns to determine the combined effect of rainfall and livestock waste application on infiltration and runoff. Dairy and swine waste slurries were either surface-applied or incorporated. Livestock waste application noticeably reduced the amount of runoff during a series of artificial rainfall events for all cases with the exception of swine waste incorporated into the silt loam soil. Loamy sand exhibited short-term plugging when both wastes were surface-applied with no incorporation. Surface-application of dairy waste on the silt loam soil apparently prevented formation of a surface seal and improved the infiltration capacity. of the soil. Less surface-scaling in waste-applied columns may be attributed to increased organic matter on the surface of the soil that aided aggregate stability. Also. the waste particles protected the surface from the energy of the impacting raindrops. 100 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32T Production and characteristics of manure from lactating dairy cows in Florida. Morse, D.; Nordstedt, R.A.; Head, H.H.; Van Horn, H.H. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1958-; 1994 Jan. Transactions of the ASAE v. 37 (1): p. 275-279; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Dairy cows; Manures; Total solids; Feed intake; Phosphorus; Excretion Abstract: Total quantities of urine and feces excreted daily were collected from 12 lactating Holstein dairy cow averaging 567 kg (1250 lb) on fixed feed intake averaging 20 kg (44 lb) of dry matter per day, or 16 kg (36 lb) of dry matter per day per 454 kg (1000 lb) of body weight. Amounts of total and volatile solids, acid detergent lignin phosphorus in feces, and phosphorus in urine were determined Cows excreted an average of 44.6 kg (98.1 lb) of raw waste, 6.08 kg (13.1 lb) of total solids in feces, and 0.16 kg (0.3 lb) of fixed solids in feces daily, expressed per 454 kg (1000 lb) of body weight. Total solids of feces represented 36.4% of the daily diet dry matter intake. These values are greater than table values developed by previous researchers and used to design dairy farm facilities. Feces to urine ratio (w/w) ranged from 1.4:1 to 1.9:1. Fecal grab samples (n = 383)from cows on commercial dairies, for which estimated daily intake of feed was available, had greater acid detergent lignin content (16.9 vs. 13.8%) and about 60% more than cows on the total collection trial (4.2 vs. 2.6%), perhaps due to some ingestion of sand on pasture. For all fecal samples fixed solids percentages were much less than table values developed by previous researchers. Differences may be due, in part, to improved genetic potential of cows, because of increased feed intake, climate, or intensive management practices. Our research also confirmed that the quantity of phosphorus (P) excreted in feces was variable, but depended on intake of dietary P. 101 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3 Profit tips. Annexstad, J. Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1988 Apr. Dairy herd management v. 25 (4): p. 8-9. ill; 1988 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy farming; Profitability; Nematode control; Culling; Cattle manure; Coccidiosis; Disease control 102 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Profitable farming: the next generation. Kendall, D. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1988 Jul. The New farm v. 10 (5): p. 36-38; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairying; Organic farming; Cattle manure; Rotations; Crop yield; Alternative farming 103 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Psychrophilic digestion of dairy cattle and pig manure: start- up procedures of batch, fed-batch and CSTR-type digesters. Zeeman, G.; Sutter, K.; Vens, T.; Koster, M.; Wellinger, A. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biological wastes v. 26 (1): p. 15-31. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Pigs; Farmyard manure; Psychrophilic bacteria; Anaerobic digesters; Fermentation; Temperatures; Biogas slurry; Methane 104 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828 A quantitative survey of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in dairy wastewater ponds in southern California. Mullens, B.A. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1989 Nov. Journal of medical entomology v. 26 (6): p. 559-565. ill; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Culicoides variipennis; Larvae; Disease vectors; Dairy cattle; Dairy wastes; Ponds; Bluetongue virus
105 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34 Reducing energy inputs to a simulated dairy farm. Vinten-Johansen, C.; Lanyon, L.E.; Stephenson, K.Q. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1990 Jul. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 31 (3): p. 225-242; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farming; Energy intake; Energy requirements; No-tillage; Manure spreading; Energy consumption; Linear programming; Reduction 106 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532 Relationship of microhabitat to incidence of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) immatures and their parasitoids at dairy farms in central New York. Smith, L.; Rutz, D.A. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr. Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 669-674; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Dairy farms; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; Ova; Larvae; Pupae; Microhabitats; Manures; Muscidifurax raptor; Pteromalidae; Spalangia; Phygadeuon; Parasites of insect pests; Biological control agents Abstract: Weekly observations were made on the presence of housefly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), eggs, larvae, and pupae, during 21 wk at nine dairies in Cayuga County, New York. Laboratory-reared fly pupae were exposed at each site to monitor parasitoid activity. Incidence of fly immatures was significantly related to substrate, moisture, and location, but not to indoor or outdoor exposure. Incidence was greatest at wet sites, particularly in manure, bedding, and feed, and lowest at dry sites. Locations with the highest incidence were lean-to, silo, calf pen, outdoor manure pile, outdoor manure ramp, and manure lagoon. Incidence of Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and total parasitism were positively associated with the presence of fly immatures, but Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was independent. With respect to substrate, moisture, and exposure, parasitism was generally distributed in a pattern similar to that of the flies. However, incidence of parasitism was greater, relative to that of fly immatures, in grass and earth substrates, but lower in wet manure and feed. With respect to location, parasitism was high at manure ramps and low in calf pens and in manure sheds, relative to fly immatures. The guild of parasitoids attacking synanthropic muscoid pupae appears to cover all appropriate host microhabitats at dairies in central New York. 107 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828 Response of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to water level fluctuations in experimental dairy wastewater ponds. Mullens, B.A.; Rodriguez, J.L. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1989 Nov. Journal of medical entomology v. 26 (6): p. 566-572; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Culicoides variipennis; Larvae; Responses; Water; Disease vectors; Dairy cattle; Dairy wastes; Ponds; Bluetongue virus 108 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Retention and loss of nitrogen and solids from unlined earthen manure storages. Culley, J.L.B.; Phillips, P.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1989 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 32 (2): p. 677-683. ill; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluents; Storage; Soil contamination; Nitrogen; Groundwater pollution 109 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Rheological properties of Moroccan dairy cattle manure. Achkari-Begdouri, A.; Goodrich, P.R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Bioresource technology v. 40 (2): p. 149-156; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morocco; Dairy cattle; Cattle manure; Animal wastes; Anaerobic digestion; Rheological properties 110 NAL Call. No.: SF221.B26 Size and waste management costs. Schwart, B.; Schmucker, J.; Lacewell, R.; Leatham, D.; Lovell, A.; Allen, G. College Station, Tex. : The Service; 1991 Jan29. Balanced dairying : Economics - Texas Agricultural Extension Service v. 11 (1): 4 p.; 1991 Jan29. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Dairy farming; Waste disposal; Waste treatment; Cost benefit analysis; Water pollution; Groundwater pollution; Water quality; Statistics 111 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3 Soil sampling and nutrient variability in dairy animal holding areas. Anderson, D.L.; Hanlon, E.A.; Miller, O.P.; Hoge, V.R.; Diaz, O.A. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Apr. Soil science v. 153 (4): p. 314-321; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Spodosols; Sandy soils; Surface layers; Soil testing; Sampling; Assessment; Nutrient content; Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Aluminum; Iron; Sodium; Soil organic matter; Soil ph; Soil variability; Spatial variation; Nutrient availability; Nutrient retention; Movement in soil; Spodic horizons; Dairy wastes; Population density; Topography; Water pollution 112 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32 Straw flow litter for dairy cows: experimental tests with different slopes and different quantities of straw. Chiappini, U.; Zappavigna, P. Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994. Annual meeting /. p. 262-269; 1994. Meeting held on January 31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Straw; Litter; Thickness; Floors; Slopes; Hygiene; Animal behavior; Cattle manure; Density; Volume 113 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Survival of coliform bacteria in static compost piles of dairy waste solids intended for freestall bedding. Mote, C.R.; Emerton, B.L.; Allison, J.S.; Dowlen, H.H.; Oliver, S.P. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1988 Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (6): p. 1676-1681; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Farm dairies; Cattle manure; Solid waste; Composts; Coliform bacteria; Coliform count; Litter; Loose housing 114 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Thermophilic methane production from dairy cattle waste. Wohlt, J.E.; Frobish, R.A.; Davis, C.L.; Bryant, M.P.; Mackie, R.I. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990. Biological wastes v. 32 (3): p. 193-207; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Waste treatment; Anaerobic digesters; Methane production; Chemical composition 115 NAL Call. No.: TP1.P7 Treatment of dairy farm wastewaters in engineered reed bed systems. Biddlestone, A.J.; Gray, K.R.; Job, G.D. New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Oct. Process biochemistry v. 26 (5): p. 265-268; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluent; Dairy wastes; Waste water; Biological treatment; Phragmites australis; Lagoons 116 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990 Treatment of dairy wastewater by modified reactor of anaerobic filter. Lung, S.P.; Tseng, S.K.; Suang, Y.Y. Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990. Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June 1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 209; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Waste water treatment; Dairies; Anaerobic treatment 117 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Treatment of milking centre waste in sequencing batch reactors. Lo, K.V.; Tam, J.P.; Liao, P.H.; Bulley, N.R. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Biological wastes v. 25 (3): p. 193-208; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy effluents; Waste water treatment; Systems; Equipment; Temperature relations; Operating time; Efficiency 118 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Triple crop forage production utilizing animal waste. Butler, J.L.; Johnson, J.C. Jr; Newton, G.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-1059): 9 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the "1989 International Summer Meeting jointly sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Enigeering, June 25-28, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Fodder crops; Dairy effluent; Waste disposal 119 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3 Turning dairy wastes into power and profits. Williams, G.B. Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1989 Apr. Dairy herd management v. 26 (4): p. 46, 48. ill; 1989 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy wastes; Cattle manure; Methane production; Waste utilization; University research; Savings
120 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Update on dairy cow housing with particular reference to flooring. Barnes, M.M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 145 (5): p. 436-445. ill; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle housing; Floors; Concrete; Design; Cattle manure; Animal feeding 121 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Use of mineral amendements to reduce ammonia losses from dairy-cattle and chicken-manure slurries. Termeer, W.C.; Warman, P.R. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993. Bioresource technology v. 44 (3): p. 217-222; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Poultry manure; Slurries; Minerals; Amendments; Ammonia; Losses; Volatilization; Manures; Storage; Application 122 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC Utilization of dairy manure as fertilizer. Barker, J.C. Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service; 1988 Oct. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 3-5; 1988 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy farming; Manure spreading 123 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6 Vegetative filter treatment of dairy barnyard runoff in cold regions. Schellinger, G.R.; Clausen, J.C. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (1): p. 40-45; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vermont; Dairy wastes; Farmyards; Runoff; Biological treatment; Waste water treatment; Filter beds; Festuca; Poa; Lolium; Nutrient content; Phosphorus; Nitrogen content; Escherichia coli; Streptococcus; Water quality Abstract: A vegetative filter strip was installed to treat barnyard runoff from an active dairy farm in Vermont. Runoff from a concrete surfaced barnyard flowed through a detention pond, then onto a vegetative filter strip measuring 22.9 m by 7.6 m with a 2% slope. The water input and surface and subsurface outputs for the strip were continuously monitored from December 1984 through May 1986. Of the total barnyard runoff entering the strip, 65% left as surface runoff and 27% was measured as subsurface outflow. The average hydraulic loading rate was 14.7 cm wk-1 and the average overland flow detention time was 15 min. The filter strip did not significantly (P < 0.05) reduce solids, P, N and bacteria concentrations in the surface output. Over the period of study the mass retention was 33% total suspended solids, 12% total P and 18% total Kjeldahl N. Mass retention was highest during the growing season and was poorest during snowmelt periods. It was concluded that poor filter strip performance was due to an excessive hydraulic loading rate resulting in an inadequate detention time for proper treatment. A preferential flow path from the level lip spreader to the subsurface drain tiles may have contributed to the poor subsurface treatment performance. 124 NAL Call. No.: Z7914.W37W37 1994 Waste treatment dairy, poultry, meat and seafood industry (Jul.72-present).. Citations from the Food Science & Tecnology Abstracts United States, National Technical Information Service Springfied, VA : NTIS,; 1994. 1 v. (unpaged) ; 28 cm. (Published search). Cover title. "Jan 94"--P. [5]. AT head of title: Citations from the Food Science & Technology Abstracts. Includes index. PB94-865367. Language: English Descriptors: Waste products; Agricultural wastes 125 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Wastewater treatment alternatives for a small dairy. Ritter, W.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (916578): 16 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 17-20, 1991, Chicago, Illinois. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Costs; Waste water treatment 126 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122 Weed seed and dairy manure. Cudney, D.W.; Schultz, T.A.; Wright, S.D. Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991. Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 62-63; 1991. Meeting held January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Weeds; Seeds; Weed biology 127 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Weed seed in dairy manure depends on collection site. Cudney, D.W.; Wright, S.D.; Shultz, T.A.; Reints, J.S. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1992 May. California agriculture v. 46 (3): p. 31-32. ill; 1992 May. Language: English Descriptors: Manures; Weeds; Seed dispersal; Composting; Dairy cattle 128 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Wetland for treating liquid dairy waste design and monitoring. Lanier, A.L.; Fox, D.; Smith, D.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (914020): 9 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cabt; Dairy wastes; Waste water treatment; Wetlands 129 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Wetlands that work for you. Bowman, G.; Wetlands that work for you Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Nov. The New farm v. 14 (7): p. 50-53; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Biological treatment; Waste water treatment; Wetlands; On-farm processing
Achkari-Begdouri, A. 10, 109 Agricultural and Food Policy Center (Tex.) 65 Allen, G. 18, 63, 64, 110 Allen, L.H. Jr 29, 32 Allison, J.S. 113 Anderson, D.L. 111 Anderson, M.A. 87 Annexstad, J. 101 Axelrod, H. 41 Bacon, S.C. 98 Baird, C. 4 Barker, J.C. 122 Barnes, M.M. 120 Batie, S.S. 60, 71 Becker, H. 15 Beierlein, J.G. 19 Ben-Hassan, R.M. 17 Biddlestone, A.J. 115 Boggs, L. 73 Bortone, G. 54 Bottcher, A.B. 32 Bottcher, A.V. 25 Bowman, G. 129 Bowser, T. 46 Brock, W. 16 Brooks, L.A. 44 Brown, D.A. 20 Bryant, M.P. 114 Bulley, N.R. 117 Burgoa, B. 32 Butler, J.L. 118 Campbell, J.K. 50 Cathcart, T. 14, 16 Chambliss, C.F. 25 Chapman, H.D. 5 Chapman, J.M. 78 Chayovan, S. 8 Chen, T.H. 79 Chiappini, U. 112 Chiu, C. 76 Christensen, L. A. 45 Clanton, C.J. 99 Clausen, J.C. 123 Comfort, S.D. 88 Comis, D. 75 Conkling, D. 51 Connor, L.J. 62 Converse, J.C. 55, 88 Cramer, C. 59, 61 Cudney, D.W. 126, 127 Culley, J.L.B. 108 Dahlberg, S.P. 34 Darwazeh, H.A. 41, 43 Davis, C.L. 114 Davis, S. 14 Davis, S.H. 16 Diaz, O.A. 111 Diebel, P.L. 71 Dinkler, H.D. 56 Dombrowski, J.E. 27 Donohue, S.J. 87 Dowlen, H.H. 113 Eastman, J.A. 8 Echiegu, E.A. 93, 94 Emerton, B.L. 113 Fabian, E.E. 50 Falk, D.E. 26 Federici, B.A. 52 Fluck, R.C. 56 Fox, D. 128 Frobish, R.A. 114 Frost, J.P. 38 Gamroth, M.J. 33 Garsow, J.D. 62 Gay, J.M. 67 Gerhardt, S.A. 40 Gerrish, J.B. 8 Ghaly, A.E. 9, 17, 93, 94 Giles, J.F. 34 Goodrich, P.R. 10, 109 Graetz, D.A. 25 Gray, K.R. 115 Griffin, C.D. 5 Guest, R.W. 50 Hadjivassilis, I. 28 Halstead, J.M. 60, 71 Hanlon, E.A. 25, 111 Hao, O.J. 1 Haugen, V.J. 7 Head, H.H. 100 Heatwole, C.D. 71 Hermanson, R.E. 68 Hoge, V.R. 111 Hunsaker, M.E. 67 Job, G.D. 115 Johnson, A.T. 1 Johnson, D.E. 48 Johnson, J.C. Jr 31, 118 Jokela, W.E. 84 Jones, D.I.H. 35 Jones, R. 35 Jui, P.Y. 83 Kanneganti, V.R. 86 Kappel, T.J. 40 Keeney, D.R. 88 Kelling K.A. 55 Kelling, K.A. 88 Kendall, D. 102 Khan, S.U. 97 King, L.D. 37 Klausner, S. 70 Klausner, S.D. 86 Knutson, R.D. 66 Kobayashi, S. 39 Koelsch, R.K. 50 Koster, M. 103 Kramer, R.A. 71 Krause, Kenneth R., 45 Krones, M.J. 1 Lacewell, R. 18, 110 Lacewell, R.D. 63, 64 Lague, C. 30 Lanier, A.L. 128 Lanyon, L.E. 24, 98, 105 Laughlin, R.J. 38 Lazarus, W.F. 20 Leatham, D. 18, 110 Leatham, D.J. 63, 64 Lee, C.N. 91 Leonard, N. 74 Liao, P.H. 2, 76, 117 Lindley, J.A. 7, 34 Lo, K.V. 2, 76, 117 Lorimor, J. 53 Lotmentseva, E.Yu 57 Lovell, A. 18, 64, 110 Lovell, A.C. 63 Lung, S.P. 116 Mackie, R.I. 114 Manning, L. 4 Mansell, R.S. 32 Martens, D.C. 87 Masters, B.K. 72 Masuda, Y. 39 Matanmi, B.A. 41, 52 McCurdy, M. 90 McKenna, J.R. 87 McNamara, K. 58 McSweeney, K. 90 McSweeny, W.C. 19 Megehee, D.B. 49 Merriman, R.P. 23 Miller, J.W. 66 Miller, O.P. 111 Miller, R.W. 20 Morse, D. 100 Moseley, G. 35 Motavalli, P.P. 55 Mote, C.R. 113 Mulla, M.S. 41, 43, 52 Mullens, B.A. 12, 21, 104, 107 Mulligan, F.S. III 42 Nakhapetyan, L.A. 57 Newton, G.L. 118 Nordstedt, R.A. 13, 25, 100 Nott, S.B. 62 Ohlensehlen, R.M. 26 Oliver, S.P. 113 Outlaw, J.L. 66 Outlaw, Joe L. 65 Padgitt, S. 60 Pain, B.F. 77, 78 Patni, N.K. 83 Phillips, P.A. 108 Phillips, V.R. 77, 78 Piccinini, S. 54 Pote, J. 14, 16 Powers, W.J. 13 Raistrick, N. 85 Ramsey, D.S. 49 Rees, Y.J. 92 Reints, J.S. 127 Richardson, J. 18 Ritter, W.F. 125 Robbins, J.E. 40 Roberts, R.J. 99 Rodriguez, J.L. 12, 21, 107 Rutz, D.A. 20, 106 Rynk, R. 22 Sachs, C. 46 Safley, L.M. Jr 37, 69, 95 Samoshina, N.M. 57 Sanchez, E.P. 36 Satley, L.M. Jr 96 Sauber, C.M. 11, 47 Schaefer, C.H. 42 Schellinger, G.R. 123 Schlauder, R.M. Jr 98 Schmisseur, E. 33 Schmucker, J. 18, 110 Schmucker, J.F. 63, 64 Schofield, C.P. 92 Schofield, K. 23 Schultz, T.A. 126 Schwart, B. 18, 110 Schwart, R.B. 63, 64 Shultz, T.A. 127Š Smith, D.W. 128 Smith, L. 106 Smithwick, Robert P., 3 Steinberg, M.P. 79 Stephenson, K.Q. 105 Stevens, R.J. 38 Strong, L. 14, 16 Suang, Y.Y. 116 Sutter, K. 103 Sweeten, J.M. 4 Tam, J.P. 117 Tamminga, S. 89 Taylor, D. 81 Taylor, D.B. 71 Termeer, W.C. 121 Tillapaugh, B. 70 Torrent, J. 48 Toyama, G.M. 91 Travieso, L. 36 Tseng, S.K. 116 Ulmer, R. 14, 16 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 45 United States, National Technical Information Service 124 United States, Soil Conservation Service, United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Video and Teleconference Division 82 Van Horn, H.H. 13, 25, 100 Vens, T. 103 Vinten-Johansen, C. 105 Ward, G.M. 48 Warman, P.R. 121 Weidner, K. 80 Weiland, P. 36 Wellinger, A. 103 West, R 77 Westerman, P.W. 37, 69, 95, 96 Wetlands that work for you 129 Whitehead, D.C. 85 Whitelaw, K. 23 Wilkie, A.C. 13 Williams, G.B. 119 Wohlt, J.E. 114 Woodruff, B.A. 19 Wright, S.D. 126, 127 Zappavigna, P. 112 Zeeman, G. 103
Accuracy 54 Acetates 40 Acetylene 88 Activated sludge 28 Adsorption 72 Aerobic treatment 2, 10, 72 Africa 79 Agricultural chemicals 60 Agricultural engineering 77 Agricultural policy 60 Agricultural pollution 45 Agricultural structure 46 Agricultural wastes 23, 89, 124 Air pollution 62, 85 Alternative farming 102 Aluminum 111 Amendments 121 Ammonia 13, 40, 121 Ammonium 85 Ammonium nitrate 84 Anaerobic conditions 88 Anaerobic digesters 9, 17, 34, 36, 76, 77, 78, 92, 94, 103, 114 Anaerobic digestion 1, 6, 40, 50, 69, 72, 93, 96, 109 Anaerobic treatment 2, 10, 26, 95, 116 Analysis 1 Analytical methods 54 Animal behavior 112 Animal feeding 120 Animal manures 9, 12, 46, 62, 90, 93 Animal waste 45 Animal wastes 4, 5, 26, 39, 51, 93, 109 Application 121 Application date 37, 84, 87 Application rates 31, 37, 84, 86, 87, 97 Application to land 13, 37, 86, 97 Appropriate technology 61 Aquatic organisms 12 Arizona 119 Assessment 111 Atrazine 97 Bacillus sphaericus 41, 52 Bacteria 49 Barley 35 Beef cattle 5, 36, 46 Beta-galactosidase 57 Bibliographies 27 Bioassays 79 Biochemical oxygen demand 16 Biodegradation 9 Biogas 1, 6, 39, 93, 96 Biogas slurry 7, 103 Biological control 41, 52 Biological control agents 106 Biological techniques 26 Biological treatment 2, 115, 123, 129 Biological value 79 Biomass 93 Bluetongue virus 21, 104, 107 Breeding 5, 21 British Columbia 76 British friesian 35 Broadcasting 55 Bulk density 10 Cabt 16, 22, 24, 31, 51, 64, 66, 67, 100, 128 Calcium 31, 111 California 11, 12, 21, 42, 47, 52, 67, 104, 107, 128 Calves 67 Canada 22 Capital 62 Carbon dioxide 88 Cash flow 63 Cattle 34 Cattle diseases 5 Cattle farming 46 Cattle feeding 5, 24, 38, 39 Cattle housing 120 Cattle manure 2, 10, 13, 22, 24, 25, 30, 31, 33, 36, 37, 40, 48, 54, 55, 61, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 79, 84, 86, 91, 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 109, 112, 113, 119, 120, 126 Cattle slurry 38, 40, 77, 78, 83, 85, 87, 92 Cheesemaking 2 Chemical analysis 54 Chemical composition 114 Chemical oxygen demand 36, 76, 93 Chopping 19 Coastal plain soils 97 Coccidiosis 101 Coliform bacteria 113 Coliform count 113 Composting 22, 127 Composts 51, 113 Computer software 73 Concentration 10, 38, 40 Concrete 120 Connecticut 51 Construction 14, 16 Contaminants 90 Contamination 60 Control 27 Cost benefit analysis 18, 110 Cost effectiveness analysis 19 Costs 26, 78, 125 Crop enterprises 80 Crop growth stage 84 Crop production 60 Crop yield 31, 37, 55, 84, 86, 87, 102 Crops 33 Crossbreds 35 Culex 41, 52 Culex peus 43 Culex quinquefasciatus 42, 43 Culicoides variipennis 12, 21, 104, 107 Culling 33, 101 Cyclic fluctuations 8 Cynodon dactylon 31 Cyprus 28 Dactylis glomerata 86 Dairies 42, 43, 116 Dairy cattle 2, 5, 10, 21, 36, 37, 40, 41, 46, 54, 69, 82, 84, 85, 95, 96, 103, 104, 107, 109, 114, 121, 126, 127 Dairy cows 13, 38, 39, 48, 59, 67, 78, 89, 100, 112, 120 Dairy effluent 6, 14, 16, 25, 32, 44, 53, 57, 81, 97, 115, 118 Dairy effluents 7, 12, 73, 76, 77, 79, 108, 117 Dairy equipment 44 Dairy farming 11, 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 31, 33, 44, 48, 58, 60, 61, 80, 98, 101, 105, 110, 122 Dairy farms 1, 4, 13, 19, 22, 24, 51, 62, 63, 66, 74, 106 Dairy herds 25 Dairy industry 9, 28, 62 Dairy laws 3, 65 Dairy waste 3, 65 Dairy wastes 8, 17, 27, 29, 32, 35, 47, 49, 50, 52, 55, 60, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 75, 83, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99, 104, 107, 111, 115, 119, 123, 125, 128, 129 Dairying 65, 102 Decision making 33 Denitrification 88 Density 112 Design 120 Design criteria 26 Diet 89 Digesters 2, 7, 8, 40, 79, 96 Disease control 101 Disease vectors 21, 104, 107 Dissolved oxygen 16 Dry matter accumulation 84, 86 Drying 79 Duration 38 Economic evaluation 39 Economic impact 60, 62, 66, 71 Ecosystems 46 Effects 38 Efficiency 2, 8, 92, 117 Effluents 35 Electric heaters 44 Electrical energy 44 Electricity 44, 77 Energy balance 13, 77 Energy consumption 105 Energy intake 105 Energy recovery 77 Energy requirements 48, 105 Energy sources 7 England 85 Environmental impact 46, 48, 60 Environmental policy 24, 66 Environmental pollution 47 Environmental protection 47 Enzyme activity 57 Equations 10, 54 Equipment 44, 93, 117 Erosion 48 Escherichia coli 123 Estimated costs 63 Eutrophication 29, 73 Evaluation 93 Excretion 13, 100 Expert systems 33 Factor analysis 39 Fans 44 Farm budgeting 62 Farm buildings 44 Farm comparisons 62 Farm dairies 20, 56, 67, 113 Farm indebtedness 63 Farm inputs 98 Farm management 33, 60, 61, 68, 74, 98 Farm planning 26 Farm storage 26, 83 Farmers' attitudes 60 Farmyard manure 98, 103 Farmyards 123 Feces 39, 67, 85, 89 Feces collection 68 Feces composition 91 Federal government 66 Feed intake 100 Feed requirements 48 Feed supplements 35 Feeding standards 89 Feedlot effluent 53, 73 Feedlots 4 Fermentation 103 Fertigation 75 Fertilizer application 70 Fertilizers 75, 82 Festuca 123 Fields 75 Filter beds 123 Filters 72 Financial planning 33 Floors 112, 120 Florida 11, 25, 29, 32, 56, 73, 100, 111 Flow 97 Flushing 49 Fodder crops 44, 56, 118 Forage 5, 86 Forage crops 58 Fuel consumption 8 Fungi 57 Galactose 57 Genetic engineering 48 Georgia 31, 97, 118 Glucose syrups 57 Government organizations 66 Grain 84 Grasses 59 Grazing 59 Great Britain 81 Groundwater 71 Groundwater pollution 18, 60, 90, 108, 110 Habitats 21 Handling 26, 44, 62 Hawaii 91 Health hazards 60 Heat exchangers 44 Heat stability 57 Heating 8 Hereford 35 Hormone supplements 48 Hydraulics 93 Hydrogen sulfide 38 Hydrolysis 57, 85 Hygiene 112 Immobilization 57 Incentives 60 Incidence 12 Industrial wastes 28 Infiltration 99 Information systems 33 Injections 55 Injectors 30 Inland lagoons 73 Inorganic compounds 88 Insect control 20, 42, 43 Instruments 54 Intensive cropping 98 Intensive livestock farming 98 Interviews 60 Investment 26 Iowa 60c Iron 111 Irrigation water 28 Isolation 67 Italy 54 Juvenile hormones 42 Lactose 57 Lagoons 14, 26, 41, 42, 43, 52, 95, 96, 115 Lakes 73 Larvae 41, 42, 43, 104, 106, 107 Law 63 Law enforcement 11 Leachates 97 Leaching 90, 97 Leaves 51 Legislation 56, 64 Legumes 59 Licenses and permits 11 Linear programming 105 Liners 90 Liquid manures 1, 37, 58, 59, 75, 88 Liquid wastes 96 Literature reviews 89, 99 Litter 19, 112, 113 Liveweight gain 35 Lolium 123 Lolium multiflorum 35 Lolium perenne 35 Loose housing 113 Losses 83, 121 Losses from soil systems 84, 88, 97 Louisiana 5 Low input agriculture 51 Macropore flow 90 Macropores 90 Magnesium 31 Maine 87 Maintenance 78 Maize 91 Maize silage 37, 84 Management 26 Manure spreaders 25, 30 Manure spreading 80, 105, 122 Manures 11, 20, 34, 44, 53, 100, 106, 121, 127 Marketing 5 Maryland 20 Mathematical models 63 Methane 13, 77, 89, 103 Methane production 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 17, 48, 69, 76, 79, 92, 94, 95, 96, 114, 119 Methoprene 43 Michigan 62 Microbial water relations 49 Microhabitats 106 Milk production 44, 48 Milk quality 61 Milking 44 Milking machines 44 Minerals 121 Minimum tillage 31 Minnesota 61 Mississippi 16 Mixed pastures 58 Mixtures 2, 40 Models 36 Morocco 10, 109 Movement in soil 111 Musca domestica 20, 106 Musca sorbens 91 Muscidifurax raptor 106 Nematode control 101 Netherlands 89 New York 20, 70, 106 Newspapers 19 Nitrapyrin 88 Nitrate 84 Nitrate nitrogen 84 Nitrification 16, 88 Nitrogen 13, 31, 34, 37, 48, 55, 84, 85, 87, 89, 93, 98, 108 Nitrogen content 83, 123 Nitrogen economy 98 Nitrogen fertilizers 86 Nitrogen transfer 88 Nitrous oxide 88 No-tillage 105 Nonpoint source pollution 45 North Carolina 95 North Dakota 34 Nutrient availability 34, 55, 84, 111 Nutrient content 84, 97, 111, 123 Nutrient cycles 98 Nutrient excesses 46 Nutrient requirements 89 Nutrient retention 111 Nutrient sources 84 Nutrient uptake 55, 84, 86, 87 Nutrients 72 Nutritive value 35 Odor abatement 26 On-farm processing 19, 22, 129 Ontario 83 Operating time 117 Oregon 6, 11 Organic farming 102 Outbreaks 67 Ova 106 Ovicides and larvicides 52 Oviposition 91 Parasites 5 Parasites of insect pests 106 Pastures 59 Pennsylvania 19, 46, 80, 98 Performance 40, 95, 96 Permeability 99 Persistence 52, 67 Ph 57, 83, 93 Phleum pratense 87 Phosphorus 13, 29, 31, 32, 48, 55, 56, 72, 73, 89, 98, 100, 111, 123 Phragmites australis 115 Phygadeuon 106 Physicochemical properties 90 Pig manure 54, 69 Pig slurry 99 Piggery effluent 36 Pigs 103 Poa 123 Pollutants 46 Pollution 27, 35, 56, 89 Pollution by agriculture 80 Pollution control 24 Ponds 21, 104, 107 Population density 111 Potassium 31, 55, 98, 111 Poultry farming 46 Poultry manure 121 Precipitation 84 Predation 49 Production 46, 93 Production costs 20, 24 Production potential 79 Profitability 63, 66, 101 Programs 60 Protein 40 Protein content 58 Psychrophilic bacteria 103 Pteromalidae 106 Public opinion 60 Pumps 44 Pupae 106 Pyridines 42 Quantitative analysis 79, 98 Questionnaires 60 Rain 97, 99 Recovery 37 Recycling 19, 49, 56 Reduction 105 Regional development 46 Regression 10 Regression analysis 20 Regulation 4 Regulations 11, 62, 66, 81 Reliability 78 Replacement 33 Repletion 8 Requirements 78 Research projects 5 Responses 107 Rheological properties 109 Risk 60, 63 Rivers 23 Rotary hoes 61 Rotations 75, 102 Runoff 4, 53, 64, 97, 99, 123 Ryegrass silage 35 Salmonella 67 Salmonellosis 67 Sampling 111 Sandy loam soils 84 Sandy soils 111 Savings 119 Scheduling 8 Seasonal variation 84 Secale cereale 31 Seed dispersal 127 Seeds 126 Separation 92 Serotypes 67 Settlement 92 Silage 44 Silt loam soils 87 Site requirements 29 Slopes 112 Slurries 88, 121 Small farms 61, 77 Sodium 111 Soil analysis 84 Soil contamination 108 Soil depth 31, 84 Soil fertility 31, 61 Soil injection 37, 88 Soil organic matter 111 Soil ph 111 Soil pollution 32 Soil properties 29 Soil solution 84 Soil testing 70, 111 Soil variability 111 Soil water 99 Soils 34 Solar radiation 49 Solid waste 113 Somatotropin 48 Spalangia 106 Spatial variation 111 Specific heat 10 Spodic horizons 111 Spodosols 111 Ssoil types 29 Statistics 18, 110 Steers 35 Stomoxys calcitrans 20, 106 Storage 8, 38, 44, 85, 90, 108, 121 Straw 112 Streptococcus 123 Structural design 30 Surface layers 111 Surface treatment 87 Surveys 21, 22 Survival 63 Sustainability 51, 75 Synthetic hormones 42 Systems 26, 117 Tanks 83 Temperature 69, 83, 93 Temperature relations 117 Temperatures 103 Texas 4, 11, 18, 63, 64, 110 Thermal conductivity 10 Thickness 112 Time 93 Timing 8 Topography 111 Torula 36 Total solids 10, 100 Transport costs 19 Treatment 2 Triticum aestivum 34 U.S.A. 22, 24, 66, 101 University research 119 Unrestricted feeding 35 Urea 85 Urine 85, 89 Usda 73 Use efficiency 31 Utilization 40 Ventilation 44 Vermont 84, 123 Virginia 60 Volatilization 85, 121 Volume 112 Wales 23, 35 Washington 11 Waste disposal 4, 11, 13, 18, 19, 20, 25, 47, 56, 90, 110, 118 Waste heat utilization 77 Waste products 124 Waste treatment 2, 13, 18, 25, 40, 57, 68, 72, 76, 92, 110, 114 Waste utilization 6, 8, 13, 119 Waste water 15, 39, 52, 64, 67, 115 Waste water treatment 14, 16, 26, 28, 29, 116, 117, 123, 125, 128, 129 Waste waters 21, 29, 41, 42, 43, 49 Wastes 36, 38 Water 107 Water composition and quality 23, 29, 47, 80 Water flow 97 Water management 15 Water pollution 4, 11, 12, 18, 23, 24, 26, 32, 46, 71, 72, 73, 81, 110, 111 Water quality 4, 18, 46, 60, 63, 64, 68, 74, 110, 123 Water reuse 28, 49 Water table 29 Water use 13, 48 Watersheds 46 Weed biology 126 Weed control 61 Weeds 126, 127 Western australia 72 Wetlands 14, 15, 16, 128, 129 Whey 2, 57, 76 Wisconsin 55, 58, 90 Yeasts 36 Zea mays 31, 37, 55, 84
